Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature / Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica: una revisión integradora

Abstract Objective: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. Method: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. Results: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. Conclusion: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica. Método: revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos primários foi realizada em quatro bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 11 pesquisas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A análise e a síntese dos dados foram realizadas de maneira descritiva. Resultados: as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico variaram de 0,4% até 7,6%, considerando os resultados dos estudos primários, cujos pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia por via laparoscópica. Nas pesquisas com os participantes submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos com diferentes abordagens (aberta, via laparoscópica ou robótica), as taxas de infecção variaram de 0,9% até 12%. Com relação aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de infecção, ressaltam-se antibioticoprofilaxia, sexo feminino, Índice de Massa Corporal elevado e hiperglicemia perioperatória. Conclusão: a condução da revisão gerou corpo de evidências que reforça a importância na implementação de medidas efetivas para prevenção e controle de infecção de sítio cirúrgico pelos profissionais de saúde após cirurgia bariátrica, promovendo a melhoria da assistência e da segurança do paciente no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica. Método: revisión integradora. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en cuatro bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 investigaciones. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. El análisis y la síntesis de los datos se realizaron de manera descriptiva. Resultados: las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico oscilaron entre 0,4% y 7,6%, considerando los resultados de los estudios primarios, en los que los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía mediante laparoscopia. En investigaciones con participantes que se sometieron a procedimientos quirúrgicos con diferentes enfoques (abierto, laparoscópico o robótico), las tasas de infección oscilaron entre el 0,9 % y el 12 %. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de este tipo de infección, se destacan la profilaxis antibiótica, el sexo femenino, el Índice de Masa Corporal elevado y la hiperglucemia perioperatoria. Conclusión: la realización de la revisión generó un cuerpo de evidencia que refuerza la importancia de implementar medidas efectivas para la prevención y el control de la infección de sitio quirúrgico, por parte de los profesionales de la salud, después de la cirugía bariátrica, promoviendo la mejora de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en el período perioperatorio.

Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. METHOD: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. RESULTS: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. CONCLUSION: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Identificação de pessoas para cuidados paliativos na atenção primária: revisão integrativa / Identification of people for palliative care in primary health care: integrative review

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o processo de identificação de pessoas adultas e idosas que podem se beneficiar dos cuidados paliativos na atenção primária à saúde. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science e Embase. Foram selecionados oito estudos, nos quais foram distinguidos diferentes instrumentos com o propósito de identificar as pessoas que podem se beneficiar dos cuidados paliativos no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. A incorporação desses instrumentos na prática clínica é urgente, para aumentar o alcance e a efetividade dos serviços oferecidos pelos profissionais de saúde, considerando o perfil demográfico e epidemiológico atual que aponta para o aumento de pessoas com potencial necessidade de cuidados paliativos. Diferentes instrumentos têm sido utilizados com sucesso na identificação do cuidado paliativo no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. No entanto, alguns possuem fragilidades, como o fato de permitirem a identificação apenas das pessoas com doenças oncológicas, deixando de fora as demais condições de saúde, o que reforça a necessidade de mais estudos sobre esta temática.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the process of identifying adults and elderly people who can benefit from palliative care (PC) in primary health care (PHC). This is an integrative literature review carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, and Embase. Eight studies were selected, in which different instruments and methods were distinguished with the purpose of identifying people who can benefit from PC in the context of PHC. The incorporation of these instruments into clinical practice is urgent in order to increase the reach and effectiveness of the services offered by health professionals, considering the current demographic and epidemiological profile that points to the increase of people with a potential need for PC. Different instruments have been successfully used to identify PC in the context of PHC. However, some have weaknesses, such as the fact that they only allow the identification of people with oncological diseases, leaving out other health conditions, which reinforces the need for further studies on this topic.

Identification of people for palliative care in primary health care: integrative review. / Identificação de pessoas para cuidados paliativos na atenção primária: revisão integrativa.

This article aims to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the process of identifying adults and elderly people who can benefit from palliative care (PC) in primary health care (PHC). This is an integrative literature review carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, and Embase. Eight studies were selected, in which different instruments and methods were distinguished with the purpose of identifying people who can benefit from PC in the context of PHC. The incorporation of these instruments into clinical practice is urgent in order to increase the reach and effectiveness of the services offered by health professionals, considering the current demographic and epidemiological profile that points to the increase of people with a potential need for PC. Different instruments have been successfully used to identify PC in the context of PHC. However, some have weaknesses, such as the fact that they only allow the identification of people with oncological diseases, leaving out other health conditions, which reinforces the need for further studies on this topic.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o processo de identificação de pessoas adultas e idosas que podem se beneficiar dos cuidados paliativos na atenção primária à saúde. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science e Embase. Foram selecionados oito estudos, nos quais foram distinguidos diferentes instrumentos com o propósito de identificar as pessoas que podem se beneficiar dos cuidados paliativos no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. A incorporação desses instrumentos na prática clínica é urgente, para aumentar o alcance e a efetividade dos serviços oferecidos pelos profissionais de saúde, considerando o perfil demográfico e epidemiológico atual que aponta para o aumento de pessoas com potencial necessidade de cuidados paliativos. Diferentes instrumentos têm sido utilizados com sucesso na identificação do cuidado paliativo no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. No entanto, alguns possuem fragilidades, como o fato de permitirem a identificação apenas das pessoas com doenças oncológicas, deixando de fora as demais condições de saúde, o que reforça a necessidade de mais estudos sobre esta temática.

Construction of a nursing care protocol for children in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a nursing care protocol for children in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHOD: Methodological research carried out from January to September 2019, in three steps: (a) integrative review (nursing care was identified); (b) theoretical structuring and organization of healthcare based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs and on the International Classification for Nursing Practice (supplementing the review data); and (c) development of a protocol in the three previously mentioned stages. Analysis of the understanding of the protocol's items/care was performed by three specialist nurses. RESULTS: The care protocol consists of 40 nursing problems and is organized in accordance with the psychobiological, psychosocial, and psycho-spiritual needs of children undergoing transplantation, integrating practical and guidance care. CONCLUSION: The care protocol is an important technology for nursing care to transplanted children, aimed to prevent and manage transplantation complications.

Use of the International Classification for Nursing Practice in the construction of a care protocol.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the use of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) in the construction of a nursing care protocol for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: experience report. RESULTS: nursing problems were defined based on complications identified in a previous study; later, the ICNP® enabled the organization and systematization of childcare. The care protocol consists of 40 nursing problems, with their human needs affected, diagnoses and nursing interventions. The axes Focus, Judgment, Location, Action, Means, Time, and Client were used in the elaboration of diagnoses and interventions proposed in the protocol. Final Considerations: the use of the classification allowed the establishment of nursing interventions compatible with the needs of the child undergoing transplantation, providing support for the care protocol. It made it possible to encourage the use of classification in this context, contribute to patient safety and strengthen professional practice.

Construction of a nursing care protocol for children in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Construcción de protocolo de cuidados de enfermería para niños después del trasplante de células tronco hematopoyéticas / Construção de protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem à criança no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct a nursing care protocol for children in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Method: Methodological research carried out from January to September 2019, in three steps: (a) integrative review (nursing care was identified); (b) theoretical structuring and organization of healthcare based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs and on the International Classification for Nursing Practice (supplementing the review data); and (c) development of a protocol in the three previously mentioned stages. Analysis of the understanding of the protocol's items/care was performed by three specialist nurses. Results: The care protocol consists of 40 nursing problems and is organized in accordance with the psychobiological, psychosocial, and psycho-spiritual needs of children undergoing transplantation, integrating practical and guidance care. Conclusion: The care protocol is an important technology for nursing care to transplanted children, aimed to prevent and manage transplantation complications.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir un protocolo de cuidados de enfermería para niños después del trasplante de células tronco hematopoyéticas. Método: Investigación metodológica realizada entre enero y septiembre de 2019 para construir un protocolo, en tres etapas: a) realización de revisión integradora (fueron identificados cuidados de enfermería); b) estructuración y organización teórica de cuidados a partir de la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas y de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, complementando los datos de la revisión; y, c) desarrollo del protocolo, cuya elaboración integró las etapas anteriores. El análisis de comprensión de ítems/cuidados del protocolo fue realizado por tres enfermeras especialistas. Resultados: El protocolo de cuidados está compuesto por 40 problemas de enfermería y está organizado de acuerdo con las necesidades psicobiológicas, psicosociales y psicoespirituales de niños sometidos a trasplante, integrando cuidados prácticos y de orientación. Conclusión: El protocolo de cuidados es una opción tecnológica para la asistencia de enfermería al niño trasplantado, con los objetivos de prevención y manejo de las complicaciones del trasplante.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem à criança no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Método: Pesquisa metodológica conduzida entre janeiro e setembro de 2019 e, em três etapas: a) realização de revisão integrativa (cuidados de enfermagem foram identificados); b) estruturação e organização teórica de cuidados a partir da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas e da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, complementando os dados da revisão; c) desenvolvimento do protocolo, cuja elaboração integrou as etapas anteriores. A análise de compreensão de itens/cuidados do protocolo foi realizada por três enfermeiros especialistas. Resultados: O protocolo de cuidados é composto por 40 problemas de enfermagem e está organizado de acordo com as necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais de crianças submetidas ao transplante, integrando cuidados práticos e de orientação. Conclusão: O protocolo é opção tecnológica para a assistência de enfermagem à criança transplantada, com vistas à prevenção e manejo das complicações.

Use of the International Classification for Nursing Practice in the construction of a care protocol / Utilización de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería en la construcción de protocolo de cuidados / Uso da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem na construção de protocolo de cuidados

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the use of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) in the construction of a nursing care protocol for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: experience report. Results: nursing problems were defined based on complications identified in a previous study; later, the ICNP® enabled the organization and systematization of childcare. The care protocol consists of 40 nursing problems, with their human needs affected, diagnoses and nursing interventions. The axes Focus, Judgment, Location, Action, Means, Time, and Client were used in the elaboration of diagnoses and interventions proposed in the protocol. Final Considerations: the use of the classification allowed the establishment of nursing interventions compatible with the needs of the child undergoing transplantation, providing support for the care protocol. It made it possible to encourage the use of classification in this context, contribute to patient safety and strengthen professional practice.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir utilización de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®) en la construcción de protocolo de cuidados de enfermería al niño sometido al trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Métodos: relato de experiencia. Resultados: los problemas de enfermería delimitados basados en complicaciones identificadas en estudio anterior; posteriormente, la CIPE® posibilitó la organización y sistematización del cuidado al niño. Protocolo de cuidados es compuesto por 40 problemas de enfermería, con respectivas necesidades humanas afectadas, diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería. Ejes Enfoque, Juicio, Ubicación, Acción, Medios, Tiempo y Cliente utilizados en la elaboración de diagnósticos e intervenciones propuestos en el protocolo. Consideraciones Finales: utilización de la clasificación permitió el establecimiento de intervenciones de enfermería compatibles con las necesidades del niño sometido al trasplante, ofreciendo sostenimiento al protocolo de cuidados. Posibilitó incitar el uso de la clasificación en ese contexto, contribuir con la seguridad del paciente y fortalecer la práctica profesional.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a utilização da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®) na construção de protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem à criança submetida ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Métodos: relato de experiência. Resultados: os problemas de enfermagem foram delimitados com base em complicações identificadas em estudo anterior; posteriormente, a CIPE® possibilitou a organização e sistematização do cuidado à criança. O protocolo de cuidados é composto por 40 problemas de enfermagem, com respectivas necessidades humanas afetadas, diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem. Os eixos Foco, Julgamento, Localização, Ação, Meios, Tempo e Cliente foram utilizados na elaboração de diagnósticos e intervenções propostos no protocolo. Considerações Finais: o uso da classificação permitiu o estabelecimento de intervenções de enfermagem compatíveis com as necessidades da criança submetida ao transplante, fornecendo sustentação ao protocolo de cuidados. Possibilitou incitar o uso da classificação nesse contexto, contribuir com a segurança do paciente e fortalecer a prática profissional.

Support surfaces for intraoperative pressure injury prevention: systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative period. METHOD: systematic review. The search for primary studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried out descriptively and through meta-analysis. RESULTS: when comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the investigated interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the interventions studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of evidence was moderate. CONCLUSION: the use of high-tech support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure injuries in the intraoperative period.

Nursing care for patients in post-transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the available evidence on the nursing care provided to patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: integrative review with the search for primary studies in four databases and a virtual health library. A broad search strategy was used, including research published in English, Brazilian Portuguese, or Spanish, between 2008 and 2018, totaling a sample of 42 studies. RESULTS: the studies were grouped into three categories: multiple nursing care (n=19), first-line care (n=18), and self-management of care (n=5). CONCLUSIONS: nursing care is critical, comprising patients' physical, psychological and social aspects. It occurs in hospital and home contexts, mainly involving technical actions and health guidance. The evidence identified provide subsidies for decision-making; however, most studies are of the non-experimental type, indicating the need for conducting intervention research.

Barriers to research utilization influencing patient safety climate: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception. BACKGROUND: The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate. CONCLUSION: Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence-based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision-making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services.

Effect of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection in abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study.

AIM: To estimate the incidence rates of surgical site infection and identify the independent effect of perioperative hypothermia on the incidence of this type of infection in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. BACKGROUND: Around the world, surgical site infection is a frequent complication in surgical patients, mainly causing increased morbidity and mortality rates and health service costs. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: The 484 patients were recruited from a large private philanthropic hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from July 2016 to May 2017. Crude and adjusted models were constructed for the hypothermia indicators to assess the effect of this exposure on surgical site infection. RESULTS: The incidence rate of surgical site infection was 20.25% (n = 98). The attributable fraction to exposed to hypothermia was >40%. A greater probability of developing surgical site infection (relative risk = 1.89) was found for patients who experienced body temperatures <36.0°C (from entry time into the operating room until the end of the surgery) for more than five hypothermic episodes or longer than 75 min. CONCLUSION: Perioperative hypothermia was an independent risk factor for surgical site infection. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Around the world, surgical site infection is a complication that leads to damage to the patient and increased costs for the health services. Despite recent advances in surgical techniques, surgical site infection remains one of the most frequent complications in abdominal surgery. Perioperative hypothermia can increase the incidence rates of surgical site infection. There is evidence that perioperative hypothermia is associated with surgical site infection in abdominal surgery, but most studies were conducted in developed countries using retrospective designs. What this paper adds? Perioperative hypothermia was identified as an independent risk factor for surgical site infection in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The attributable fraction to the exposed indicated that, if the main exposure of interest (perioperative hypothermia) could be prevented during surgical anaesthetic procedures, more than 40% of surgical site infection cases would be avoided. The classification of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists was independently associated with the surgical site infection and presented a dose-response effect among its categories. Spinal anaesthesia served as an independent protective factor for surgical site infection. The implications of this paper: The health service managers need to be aware of potential cost-savings associated with perioperative hypothermia prevention as a measure to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection. During the perioperative period, health professionals need to implement effective measures to maintain patients' normothermia, promoting improved care and surgical patient safety. In this context, the nurse's role is fundamental. Future research projects using a prospective design and developed to address the reality of developing countries can contribute to the strengthening and consistency of the findings with a view to a global understanding of the surgical site infection problem.

Support surfaces for intraoperative pressure injury prevention: systematic review with meta-analysis / Superficies de apoyo para la prevención de lesión por presión en el intraoperatorio: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Superfícies de suporte para prevenção de lesão por pressão no intraoperatório: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Objective: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative period. Method: systematic review. The search for primary studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried out descriptively and through meta-analysis. Results: when comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the investigated interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the interventions studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: the use of high-tech support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure injuries in the intraoperative period.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre superficies de apoyo efectivas para la prevención de lesión por presión durante el período intraoperatorio. Método: revisión sistemática. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en siete bases de datos. La muestra estuvo formada por 10 investigaciones. La síntesis de los resultados se realizó de forma descriptiva y mediante metaanálisis. Resultados: al comparar las superficies de apoyo de baja tecnología con la atención habitual (colchón de mesa quirúrgica estándar), el metaanálisis demostró que no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las intervenciones investigadas (Riesgo Relativo = 0,88; IC95%: 0,30-2,39). La prueba de inconsistencia de Higgins indicó una heterogeneidad considerable entre los estudios (I2= 83%). La valoración de la certeza de la evidencia fue muy baja. Al comparar las superficies de apoyo de alta y baja tecnología, el metaanálisis mostró que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las intervenciones estudiadas, siendo las de alta tecnología las más efectivas (Riesgo Relativo = 0,17; IC95%: 0,05-0,53). La heterogeneidad se puede clasificar como no importante (I2 = 0%). La evaluación de la certeza de la evidencia fue moderada. Conclusión: el uso de una superficie de apoyo de alta tecnología es una medida eficaz para prevenir lesiones por presión en el período intraoperatorio.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre superfícies de suporte efetivas para prevenção de lesão por pressão no período intraoperatório. Método: revisão sistemática. A busca dos estudos primários foi conduzida em sete bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 10 pesquisas. A síntese dos resultados foi realizada na forma descritiva e por meio de metanálise. Resultados: na comparação de superfícies de suporte de baixa tecnologia com o cuidado usual (colchão padrão de mesa cirúrgica), a metanálise demonstrou que não existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as intervenções investigadas (Risco Relativo = 0,88; IC95%: 0,30-2,39). O teste de inconsistência de Higgins indicou heterogeneidade considerável entre os estudos (I2 = 83%). A avaliação da certeza da evidência foi muito baixa. Na comparação de superfícies de suporte de alta tecnologia com as de baixa tecnologia, a metanálise evidenciou que existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as intervenções estudadas, sendo as de alta tecnologia as mais efetivas (Risco Relativo = 0,17; IC95%: 0,05-0,53). A heterogeneidade pode ser classificada como não importante (I2 = 0%). A avaliação da certeza da evidência foi moderada. Conclusão: o uso de superfície de suporte de alta tecnologia é a medida efetiva para prevenção de lesão por pressão no período intraoperatório.

Lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico e fatores associados / Úlcera por presión resultante de posicionamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados / Pressure injury related to surgical positioning and associated factors

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico e os fatores associados. Método: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, realizado com 239 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica e Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística binominal múltipla e o nível de significância considerado foi α = 0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, branco e adultos. A ocorrência de lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico foi de 37,7%, sendo que 81 (90,0%) pacientes apresentaram lesão por pressão estágio 1 e os locais mais frequentes de ocorrência deste tipo de lesão foram a região sacral (19; 13,9%) e calcâneos direito (16; 11,7%) e esquerdo (13; 9,5%). A idade (adulto) e o risco maior conforme escore da Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões Decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico foram preditores para a ocorrência de lesão por pressão. Conclusão: A elevada ocorrência e os fatores associados (idade e risco maior na escala aplicada) para lesão por pressão decorrente do posicionamento cirúrgico foram resultados evidenciados que podem auxiliar na compreensão da problemática no cenário nacional, e para a implementação de intervenções com o propósito de reduzir o risco do paciente de ser acometido por este tipo de lesão no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de úlcera por presión resultante del posicionamiento quirúrgico y los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, realizado con 239 pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica y la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para la Aparición de Úlceras Resultantes del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico. Para el análisis de datos se usó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binominal múltiple y el nivel de significación considerado fue α = 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes era de sexo masculino, blanco y adulto. La incidencia de úlcera por presión resultante del posicionamiento quirúrgico fue del 37,7 %, en el que 81 (90,0 %) pacientes presentaron úlcera por presión de estado 1 y los lugares más frecuentes de incidencia de este tipo de lesión fueron la región sacra (19; 13,9 %) y calcáneo derecho (16; 11,7 %) e izquierdo (13; 9,5 %). La edad (adulto) y el riesgo mayor, según la puntuación de la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para la Aparición de Úlceras Resultantes del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico, fueron predictores de los casos de úlcera por presión. Conclusión: La elevada incidencia y los factores asociados (edad y riesgo mayor en la escala aplicada) de úlceras por presión resultantes del posicionamiento quirúrgico fueron resultados evidenciados que pueden ayudar a comprender la problemática en el escenario nacional y a implementar intervenciones con el objetivo de reducir el riesgo de que el paciente presente este tipo de úlcera en el perioperatorio.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of pressure injury resulting from surgical positioning and the associated factors. Method: An observational and longitudinal study, involving 239 patients undergoing elective surgery. Data collection was performed using an instrument for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and a risk assessment scale for the development of injuries due to surgical positioning. Descriptive statistics and multiple binominal logistic regression were used for data analysis, and the level of significance considered was α = 0.05. Results: Most of the patients were adult male Caucasians. The occurrence of pressure injury resulting from surgical positioning was 37.7%, and 81 (90.0%) patients developed stage 1 pressure injury, and the most frequent sites were sacral (19; 13.9%), and right (16; 11.7%) and left (13; 9.5%) calcaneus regions. Age (adult) and those identified at higher risk according to the Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Injuries due to Surgical Positioning (ELPO) were predictors for occurrence of pressure injury. Conclusion: The high incidence and associated factors (age and higher risk on the administered scale) for pressure injuries resulting from surgical positioning provide results to help understand the problem within the national scenario, and to implement interventions to reduce the patient's risk of being affected by this type of injury in the perioperative period.

Nursing care for patients in post-transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: an integrative review / Atención de enfermería para pacientes en post-transplantación de células de madre hematopoyéticas: revisión integrativa / Cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the available evidence on the nursing care provided to patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: integrative review with the search for primary studies in four databases and a virtual health library. A broad search strategy was used, including research published in English, Brazilian Portuguese, or Spanish, between 2008 and 2018, totaling a sample of 42 studies. Results: the studies were grouped into three categories: multiple nursing care (n=19), first-line care (n=18), and self-management of care (n=5). Conclusions: nursing care is critical, comprising patients' physical, psychological and social aspects. It occurs in hospital and home contexts, mainly involving technical actions and health guidance. The evidence identified provide subsidies for decision-making; however, most studies are of the non-experimental type, indicating the need for conducting intervention research.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la evidencia disponible sobre los cuidados de enfermería brindados al paciente en el postrasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Métodos: revisión integradora con búsqueda de estudios primarios en cuatro bases de datos y biblioteca virtual en salud. Se utilizó una amplia estrategia de búsqueda, incluyendo investigaciones publicadas en inglés, portugués o español, entre 2008 y 2018, totalizando una muestra de 42 estudios. Resultados: los estudios se agruparon en tres categorías: cuidados múltiples de enfermería (n=19), cuidados de primera línea (n=18) y cuidados autogestionados (n=5). Conclusiones: el cuidado de enfermería es crítico, entendiendo los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales del paciente. Ocurre en contextos hospitalarios y domiciliarios, involucrando principalmente acciones técnicas y de orientación sanitaria. Las evidencias identificadas brindan subsidios para la toma de decisiones, sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios son del tipo no experimental, lo que indica la necesidad de realizar investigación de intervención.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre os cuidados de enfermagem realizados ao paciente em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Métodos: revisão integrativa com a busca de estudos primários em quatro bases de dados e uma biblioteca virtual na área da saúde. Foi utilizada estratégia de busca ampla, incluindo-se pesquisas publicadas em inglês, português ou espanhol, entre 2008 e 2018, totalizando uma amostra de 42 estudos. Resultados: os estudos foram agrupados em três categorias: cuidados multíplices de enfermagem (n=19), cuidados de primeira linha (n=18) e autogerenciamento do cuidado (n=5). Conclusões: o cuidado de enfermagem é crítico, compreendendo os aspectos físico, psicológico e social do paciente. Ele ocorre em contextos hospitalares e domiciliares, principalmente envolvendo ações técnicas e de orientações em saúde. As evidências identificadas fornecem subsídios para a tomada de decisão, entretanto a maioria dos estudos é do tipo não experimental, indicando a necessidade de condução de pesquisas de intervenção.

Nursing care for patients in post-transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: an integrative review / Atención de enfermería para pacientes en post-transplantación de células de madre hematopoyéticas: revisión integrativa / Cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the available evidence on the nursing care provided to patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: integrative review with the search for primary studies in four databases and a virtual health library. A broad search strategy was used, including research published in English, Brazilian Portuguese, or Spanish, between 2008 and 2018, totaling a sample of 42 studies. Results: the studies were grouped into three categories: multiple nursing care (n=19), first-line care (n=18), and self-management of care (n=5). Conclusions: nursing care is critical, comprising patients' physical, psychological and social aspects. It occurs in hospital and home contexts, mainly involving technical actions and health guidance. The evidence identified provide subsidies for decision-making; however, most studies are of the non-experimental type, indicating the need for conducting intervention research.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la evidencia disponible sobre los cuidados de enfermería brindados al paciente en el postrasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Métodos: revisión integradora con búsqueda de estudios primarios en cuatro bases de datos y biblioteca virtual en salud. Se utilizó una amplia estrategia de búsqueda, incluyendo investigaciones publicadas en inglés, portugués o español, entre 2008 y 2018, totalizando una muestra de 42 estudios. Resultados: los estudios se agruparon en tres categorías: cuidados múltiples de enfermería (n=19), cuidados de primera línea (n=18) y cuidados autogestionados (n=5). Conclusiones: el cuidado de enfermería es crítico, entendiendo los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales del paciente. Ocurre en contextos hospitalarios y domiciliarios, involucrando principalmente acciones técnicas y de orientación sanitaria. Las evidencias identificadas brindan subsidios para la toma de decisiones, sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios son del tipo no experimental, lo que indica la necesidad de realizar investigación de intervención.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre os cuidados de enfermagem realizados ao paciente em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Métodos: revisão integrativa com a busca de estudos primários em quatro bases de dados e uma biblioteca virtual na área da saúde. Foi utilizada estratégia de busca ampla, incluindo-se pesquisas publicadas em inglês, português ou espanhol, entre 2008 e 2018, totalizando uma amostra de 42 estudos. Resultados: os estudos foram agrupados em três categorias: cuidados multíplices de enfermagem (n=19), cuidados de primeira linha (n=18) e autogerenciamento do cuidado (n=5). Conclusões: o cuidado de enfermagem é crítico, compreendendo os aspectos físico, psicológico e social do paciente. Ele ocorre em contextos hospitalares e domiciliares, principalmente envolvendo ações técnicas e de orientações em saúde. As evidências identificadas fornecem subsídios para a tomada de decisão, entretanto a maioria dos estudos é do tipo não experimental, indicando a necessidade de condução de pesquisas de intervenção.

Implementação e uso diário da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica em hospitais / Implementation and daily use of the surgical safety checklist in hospitals / Implementación y uso diario de la lista de control de seguridad quirúrgica en hospitales

Objetivo: Identificar o processo de implementação e o uso diário da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica, segundo relato de enfermeiros que atuavam no centro cirúrgico de hospitais. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, com amostra de 77 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante seis meses, no ano de 2016, por meio da aplicação de instrumento elaborado e submetido à validação de face e conteúdo. Na análise dos dados, adotou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: A realização de programa educacional foi essencial no processo de implementação da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica. O circulante era o responsável pela checagem diária da ferramenta na sala cirúrgica. A maioria dos enfermeiros relatou adesão parcial no uso do checklist pela equipe cirúrgica; houve diferença de adesão entre as etapas de checagem (entrada, pausa e saída) e entre as categorias profissionais. Conclusão: O conhecimento produzido oferece subsídios para a implementação da ferramenta e o uso de estratégias que podem auxiliar no cotidiano da prática clínica.

Objective: To identify the implementation process and the daily use of the surgical safety checklist, according to the report of nurses who worked in the surgical center of hospitals. Method: Descriptive-exploratory study, with a sample of 77 nurses. Data collection took place over six months in 2016, with the application of an instrument prepared and submitted to face and content validation. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics was adopted. Results: The realization of an educational program was essential in the process of implementing the surgical safety checklist. The circulator nurse was responsible for checking the instrument daily in the operating room. Most nurses reported partial adherence to the use of the checklist by the surgical team; there was difference in adherence between the checking stages (sign in, time out, and sign out) and between professional categories. Conclusion: The knowledge produced offers subsidies for the implementation of the instrument and the use of strategies that can assist in daily clinical practice.

Objetivo: Identificar el proceso de implementación y uso diario de la lista de verificación de seguridad quirúrgica, según el informe de enfermeras que laboraron en el centro quirúrgico de los hospitales. Método: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con una muestra de 77 enfermeros. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante seis meses, en 2016, mediante la aplicación de un instrumento elaborado y sometido a validación facial y de contenido. En el análisis de los datos se adoptó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La realización de un programa educativo fue fundamental en el proceso de implementación de la lista de verificación de seguridad quirúrgica. El circulador se encargaba de revisar la herramienta diariamente en el quirófano. La mayoría de las enfermeras informaron un cumplimiento parcial del uso de la lista de verificación por parte del equipo quirúrgico; hubo una diferencia en la adherencia entre los pasos de verificación (entrada, pausa y salida) y entre categorías profesionales. Conclusión: El conocimiento producido ofrece subsidios para la implementación de la herramienta y el uso de estrategias que pueden ayudar en la práctica clínica diaria.

Covid-19 containment measures adopted in bone marrow transplantation service.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of nursing, in adopting containment measures, in the care of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to avoid COVID-19. METHODS: Experience report. RESULTS: Containment measures involve those recommended by major health organizations, such as hand hygiene, social isolation, identification and monitoring of suspected or confirmed cases; and also the local measures implemented in the health service, such as the reduction in the number of hospitalizations for transplantation, clinical screening of outpatients entering the service, monitoring of respiratory signs and symptoms, the allocation of specific isolation rooms for those suspected of the disease and testing of symptomatic patients. Final considerations: The nurse is responsible for the challenge of planning nursing care to prevent the spread of coronavirus in a high-risk population and to implement measures based on available evidence, periodically updated.

Perioperative body temperature maintenance and occurrence of surgical site infection: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend perioperative warming as one of the strategies to prevent surgical site infection, although there are gaps in the knowledge produced on this issue. AIM: Assess the efficacy of active warming methods to maintain perioperative patients' body temperature and its effect on the occurrence of surgical site infection. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. PubMed, CINAHL, LiLACS, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched. FINDINGS: Of the 956 publications identified, 9 studies were selected for quantitative synthesis and 6 for the meta-analysis. The forced-air warming system was investigated in 8 studies. The generated evidence indicated that the use of an active warming method could maintain higher average body temperature as well as could decrease the surgical site infection incidence. Exposure of the patient to temperatures below 36°C in the perioperative period increased the chances of developing this type of infection. The meta-analysis indicated that the association between perioperative active warming methods compared with others to reduce the chances of developing surgical site infection remains unclear (odds ratio = e-3.59 = 2.718-0.59 = 0.552, 95% confidence interval (odds ratio) = (0.269-1.135), P = 0.106 I2 = 54.34%). CONCLUSIONS: The employment of an active warming method is effective to maintain higher averages of body temperature. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of that intervention to prevent surgical site infection.

Dressings for the central venous catheter to prevent infection in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify the most effective dressing for covering long-term central venous catheter exit site to prevent catheter-related infections and skin irritation in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Systematic Review. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was used for the gray literature search. RESULTS: Seven studies were included which tested different arrangements of dressings: sterilized gauze and adhesive tape with a transparent polyurethane film (n = 2), transparent polyurethane film with a different replacement interval frequency (n = 2), transparent polyurethane film with and without chlorhexidine released continuously by the dressing at the site of intravascular catheter insertion (n = 2), and dressings vs. no dressings (n = 1). The meta-analysis for catheter-related infection prevention showed no difference between type of dressing (RR 1.76, [95% CI 0.82; 3.75], I2 0%) and for the replacement frequency at different intervals (RR 1.04, [95% CI 0.67; 1.61], I2 0%). The meta-analysis for skin irritation evaluated the transparent polyurethane film replacement frequency and indicated that a longer dressing replacement interval (10 to 15 days) reduces the risk of developing this outcome (RR 0.71, 0.52; 0.96, 95% CI, I2 24%). CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the type of the dressing, there is no evidence indicating the best dressing. Although there is no evidence available for the ideal replacement frequency, the risk to develop skin irritation is reduced in longer dressing replacements intervals.